Synthesis Essay The Atomic Bomb - 2070 Words

Synthesis Essay – J. Robert Oppenheimer MSgt Troyann O. Johnson Air Force Senior Noncommissioned Officer Academy J. Robert Oppenheimer Take a moment and imagine yourself as a scientist. You’re in the Alamogordo desert. Your hands are sweating but not due to the heat. You’re waiting to see the first detonation of the weapon you developed – the atomic bomb. You’re asking, will it work at all? Will this one detonation destroy the entire world? Then moment of truth, it detonates; you are temporarily blinded by a bright light and you realize the tremendous power of this one weapon. The weapon is indiscriminate and destroys everything in its path. Now you ask yourself, â€Å"What have I done?† This thought, as well as many others, ran through the heads of the scientists of the Manhattan Project, including the â€Å"father of the atomic bomb† himself, J. Robert Oppenheimer. Even today, 71 years after the first use of the atomic bomb, people praise Oppenheimer’s many contributions to science but also question his ethics in the development of the atomic bomb. However, I believe J. Robert Oppenheimer was a visionary leader and ethical leader as his contributions advanced science and put an end to a great war. In this paper I will review why Oppenheimer is a visionary leader and how his efforts lead to the end of World War II. I will also cover how Oppenheimer tried to counter nuclear proliferation and why he is an ethical leader. Finally, I will compare how my actions, decisions, andShow MoreRelatedEnder’s Game: A Simulation to Justify All Means3562 Words   |  15 Pagescirculation, an academic discussion should be taken seriously in uncovering and drawing out ideologies within the novel. It is important to compare and contrast these ideologies back to our current culture’s ideologies; because through this analysis a synthesis will develop in understanding if this novel reinforces our culture’s current ideologies or challenges them or both. Lastly the discussion will be able highlight why this does or does not matter when considering positive and negative outcomes of eitherRead MoreSocial Networking Sites-Boon/Bane15517 Words   |  63 Pageswill be both. most things in life are not all good or all bad. Like most other things, technology in the future will be both, depending on application, person suing/programming, benefits, etc. consider atomic power, for instance. as nuclear power for electricity, it is definitely good. as an atomic weapon, it can be used to cause terrible destruction. For every weapon of death and destruction weve invented, weve come up with a thousand ways to boost food production, increase access to personal fulfillmentRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesstrippers into the ofï ¬ ce to celebrate promotions, and fostered pervasive sexual rumors. African-American employees at some companies have found nooses hanging over their work stations. Arab-Americans have been asked at work whether they were carrying bombs or were members of terrorist organizations. Many women in ï ¬ nance claim they are assigned to marginal job roles or are given light workloads that don’t lead to promotion. Female lawyers note that male attorneys frequently cut them off or do not adequatelyRead MoreProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 Pagesanswer within 48 hours so that I ll have some time to find another source. Frimel: You know, Frank, today is December 7, Pearl Harbor Day. Why do I feel as though the sky is about to fall in? Delia: Don t worry, Gene! I m not going to drop any bombs on you. Just remember, all that we have available is $250,000, and the contract must be a firmfixed-price effort. We anticipate a six-month project with $125,000 paid on contract signing and the balance at project termination. Frimel: I still have

Integrated Reporting And Its Impact On The Business World

Introduction and Background In the past, there had been heaps of reporting sometimes audits and cash-related reports, then their was integrated reporting that emerged and nowadays lots of organizations are looking towards integrated reporting. Integrated reporting generally handle and maintain the companies throughout the business world. The purpose of integrated reporting is to clearly and rapidly account the business. It indicates the business s character and what it fixes and how it makes worth. This is additionally related to business’s approach, its plan of action and supreme quality, openings and dangers. The best part of intergrating reporting is how effectively and efficiently an organization can use its capital resources to create value. This kind of reporting depicts the amount of any organization. This purpose of this reporting is to expand a point of view which is balanced for any company by hitting its plans, mission, vision, short and long term goals. On the other hand, integrated reporting in any business strengthen the shareholders to make an effective and effecient computation for future goals and the strategies. The two vital thoughts of this reporting are the cost-effective mathod (less cost more output) and capitals (better use of resources). These have been well clarified by diverse ways, such reports give the understanding about capitals which are impacted by any company. These have been co-operatively referred as the funds in this Agenda. ItShow MoreRelatedIntegrated Reporting And Non Financial Information1749 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Æ' Contents Introduction to Integrated Reporting 2 Importance of Integrated Reporting 2 Summary of Findings on AGL integrated reporting 3 Mandatory of Integrated Reporting 4 Conclusion 5 Reference 6 â€Æ' Introduction to Integrated Reporting An Integrated report is a brief statement issued by an organization that includes financial and non-financial information regarding the organization’s strategy, governance, performance and prospects with the view of explaining the formation of value in the shortRead MoreThe International Integrated Reporting Council Essay1613 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction This essay has been requested by the one of the Big 4 accounting firms in New Zealand, in which they include Deloitte, Price Waterhouse Coopers, KPMG and Ernst and Young to prepare a contextual essay in relation to Integrated Reporting (). In this document, it will pay specific attention to explaining what is , it’s emergence and deliver a reasonable judgment as to whether it should develop the new form of regulated accounting practice in New Zealand within the next 5 years for KPMGRead MorePepsico Paper1292 Words   |  6 PagesPepsiCo is a world leader in convenient snacks, foods, and beverages with revenues of $60 billion and more than 285,000 employees (PepsiCo.com). PepsiCo manufactures, markets, and sells various foods, snacks, and carbonated and non-carbonated beverages worldwide. The company operates in four divisions: PepsiCo Americas Foods (PAF), PepsiCo Americas Beverages (PAB), PepsiCo Europe, PepsiCo Asia, Middle East and Africa (AMEA). 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Even though sustainability reporting is not required, companies generally disclose sustainable information on their websites or through social media. Being social responsible builds a certain type of bond that brings internal andRead MoreBalanced Scorecard Measures That Drive Performance1512 Words   |  7 PagesBalanced Scorecard Framework Description The Balanced Scorecard framework was first introduced in the 1992 Harvard Business review article, ‘The Balanced Scorecard—Measures that Drive Performance.’ (Kaplan) The purpose of the Balanced Scorecard is to harmonise the corporation’s strategy, operational objectives and performance measures so that they can be controlled to achieve goals. (Stevanovic et al. 2012, p.261) The BSC can be conceptualized as, â€Å"†¦a management system, which is structured accordingRead MoreWeaknesses Of Ir, It Is Not The Silver Bullet That Will Completely Change Accounting Forever1346 Words   |  6 Pagesof factors that include non-monetary factors that can be hard to actually measure (Eccles Krzus, 2010). It can be unappealing for smaller companies or organisations to set up all of these systems in order to provide a wider perspective of their business or organisation just to please stakeholders, when the costs will outweigh the potential profits of attracting new investors. Another issue would be potential information overload for less knowledgeable individuals who will simply be overwhelmed byRead MoreSustainability Analysis And Reporting System Essay1747 Words   |  7 Pages1. 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Forum Discussion on Marxism

Question: Discuss about the Forum Discussion on Marxism. Answer: Introduction Karl Marx lived in the 19th Century, an era that is very different from ours. It was the time when the major existing features of the society were beginning to take shape. Some of the vital theories of Karl included labor theory of value or the theories of profit. These have pertained to be outdated in the recent time in the new version of capitalism that is characterized by low wage rate and increased productivity (Stolze 1998). The intellectual conceptions and the collective economic change can be easily agreed with the fact that the actual concept of Marxism has completely lost its relevance in the recent time. Industrialization and globalization has brought the changes in this concept. Contribution of women in work had been considered as non-paid work. If the recent situation is considered, there is no doubt that girls and women have been doing better than boys and men in every field starting from school and education life to even the work life (Stolze 1998). In 1950, only one-third of the working women used to do paid jobs but the percentage of paid working women has been increasing since then (Sofronov et al. 2008). The situation is evident all over the globe in countries like Italy, Japan and the major developed nations like UK and US. There are misleading talks of womens entry in the work force but that does not going to change the actual situation of economy and societal condition. The concept of Marxism shall help to understand the workplace situation because Marxism is related to productivity and economy of business. In the recent time, production of goods and knowledge accompanied with skills has transformed the utopia of the earlier thinking related to work culture. Marx has significantly helped to create a vision of communism out of human and technological possibilities considering the changes in priorities in the society. Projecting the concept of Marxism from the past to the future, one shall be able to analyze the link between the economic and societal pattern in the work culture. This way the work environment can be easily understood. References: Sofronov, V., Jameson, F., Amariglio, J. and Madra, Y.M., 2008. The theory of Marxism: Questions and answers.Rethinking Marxism,20(3), pp.367-384. Stolze, T., 1998. Deleuze and Althusser: Flirting with structuralism.Rethinking Marxism,10(3), pp.51-63.

Nursing 103 Final Essay Example

Nursing 103 Final Essay Notes for Final Chapter 6/11- Anaphylaxis Allergic reaction Acute Sx: hives, rash, itching and nasal secretions, fever, malaise Severe: hypotension, tachycardia, bronchoconstriction Tx: Benadryl, put vaccine in dominant arm, warm compresses, Tylenol Chapter 8- Pain NSAIDS -ASA, Ibuprofen (motrin), Ketorolac (Toradol), Naproxen (Naprosyn) Mild to moderate pain Take with full glass of water Do not mix ASA with other NSAIDS Monitor for GI bleeding Opioids –Codeine, Hydrocodone, -Morphine, Darvocet Moderate to severe pain Monitor for respiratory depression, urinary retention, constipation Naloxone to treat respiratory depression Chapter 10- Surgery –Laparoscopy- Laparoscopy is a surgery that uses a thin, lighted tube put through a cut (incision) in the belly to look at the abdominal organs or the female pelvic organs . Laparoscopy is used to find problems such as cysts, adhesions, fibroids , and infection. Tissue samples can be taken for biopsy through the tube (laparoscope) –Pre op meds- –Urogential- is the organ system of the reproductive organs and the urinary system. These are grouped together because of their proximity to each other, their common embryological origin and the use of common pathways, like the male urethra. Radial mastectomy- removal of the entire effect breast, underlying chest muscles, and lymph nodes under the arms. (modified is when the chest muscles are intact. ) Chapter 12- Cancer –Tumor Markers proteins produced/secreted by malignant cells found in the blood CA 125- cancer protein PSA- prostate specific antigen ACTH- andrenocorticoptropic hormone hCG- pre gnancy –Diagnostic Tests Xray- cannot distinguish between xray and cysts and tumors CT scan- Renal, gastro and lymph node cancers. Check for allergy to shellfish Ultrasound- Uses sound waves. Best in breast and prostate. MRI- Uses radiofrequency. Best in head and neck tumors. We will write a custom essay sample on Nursing 103 Final specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Nursing 103 Final specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Nursing 103 Final specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Angiography- Tumor location is unknown. Page 1 Chapter 13- Death Dying –Kubler-Ross Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance –Advance Directives- legal document that specifies healthcare and financial affairs in case of incapcity –Living will -determines wishes in case of terminal illness or unconsciousness –Postmortem Care- Raise head of bed 30 degrees to prevent pooling –Hindu- Take loved ones home to die. Family and friends will keep a vigil until the moment of passing by singing, praying and reading scriptures. The mantra is chanted and holy ash is placed on the forehead, and holy water or milk is dripped into the mouth. ever embalmed, and the organs are never removed for donation. Chapter 14- Shock –Lots of questions on shock. Please review carefully. Page 316. –Know types, symptoms, treatment for each) Chapter 16/17- Cardiovascular –Central Venous Pressure- CVP reflects the amount of blood returning to the heart and the ability of the heart to pump the blood into the arterial system. IN the thoracic vena cava. –Normal range is 3-8 mmHg –Inderal (propanolol)- treats high blood pressure, angina (chest pain), irregular heartbeat, migraine headaches, tremors, and lowers the risk of repeated heart attacks. Its a beta blocker. – Chapter 18- Peripheral Vascular Disorders -Hypertension- BP 140/90. -Hypertensive Crisis- 180/120 -DASH diet- 2,000 calories. 7-8 grains, fewer than 2 servings of protein †¢Review pages 430- 438 Chapter 29- Urinary System –Urinary Tract Infection- #1 Noscomial infection Most common location is the bladder (cystitis) Most common upper UTI is kidney and renal pelvis (pyelonephritis) Most common bacteria to cause UTI is e-coli –Difference between Cystitis and Pyelonephritis Cystis- Dysuria, urgency, nocturia, Pyuria, Hematuria Pyelonephritis- Same as above plus flank pain, N-V-D, fever, malaise –Urinary Calculi. Stones made from Ca. Dull, aching to severe flank pain. Nausea, vomitting. Gross hematuria. –Lithotripsy- crushing stones through sound waves –Acute Renal Failure. -Rapid onset. Reversible. Most common cause is ishemia (poor perfusion to the kidney) Most common symptom is oliguria (urine output less than 400 mL/day) High BUN and creatinine levels Page 2 Occurs in 3 stages: initiation (up to days), maintenance phase (up to 2 weeks) and this is where all the problems occur, and the recovery phase (up to 1 year) Glomerulonephritis Leading cause of kidney disease and failure Caused by strep (a beta-hemolytic strep) Surrounded by bowmans capsule Sx: hematuria, proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, azotemia (increase Nitrogen) Lasts 10-14 days –Nephrosis- nephrosis is any degenerative disease of the renal tubules. Nephrosis can be caused by kidney disease, or it may be secondary to another disorder. It should not be confused with nephritis, where inflammation is implied. –Nephrotic Syndrome Same as above but there is a significant loss of protein lost in urine Found in lupus and those with kidney disorders Sx: proteinuria, low albumin, high lipids, and severe edema in face and periorbital area. Blood clots are common. –Urine Dipstick H 6-6. 5 Specific gravity 1. 010-1. 025 Everything else is negative in a healthy patient –Potassium Normal 3. 5-5. 2 –Sodium Normal 135-145 Drugs that lower sodium levels are diuretics, (epi-/ norepi), decongestants and antidiabetic medications IV solutions that increase sodium are NaCL Chapter 31- Male Reproductive Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is a surgical procedure that removes portions of the prostate gland through the penis. A TURP requires no external incision. Inserted through the penis and the wire loop is guided by the surgeon so it can remove the obstructing tissue one piece at a time. The pieces of tissue are carried by fluid into the bladder and flushed out at the end of the procedure. TURP is generally done to relieve symptoms due to prostate enlargement, often due to BPH. BPH is a condition in which the prostate gland may become quite enlarged and cause problems with urination. Symptoms may include Problems with getting a urine stream started . Nocturia, urgency, dribbling. Monitor for hemorrhage for the first 24-48 hours. Chapter 32- Female Reproductive –Metrorrhagia Bleeding between periods Sign of cervical or uterine cancer –Dilation and Curettage (D C) Page 3 –Cervical canal is scraped Monitor for circulation. Avoid pillow under legs. Avoid tampons for 2 weeks. –Vaginitis Fungal (candidiasis) Protozoan (trich. ) bacteria (granderella) Chapter 34/35- Endocrine System –Biofeedback Mechanisms (3 below) 1) glucose maintenance- interplay between insulin and glucagon, pancreatic hormones that release glucose and store glucose, respectively 2) body temperature maintenance -hypothalamus, nerves, skin, sweat glands, heart(beats faster if warm), kidneys -if your temp. increases due to exercise/warm weather/illness: sweating occurs to produce evaporation which leads to cooling -if your temp. ecreases due to cold weather/being scared/illness: goose bumps (piloerection) occurs, which are thought to be derived from a response that enable the hair to stand on end causing more insulation and heat 3) fluid maintenance- -kidneys regulate how much fluid is excreted. If you are dehydrated they will produce less urine. If you drink a lot of fluid quickly, then more urine will be excreted –Thyroid sits on either side of trachea Isthmus connects two lobes Needs iodine to secrete t4 (thryoxine) and t3 (triiodonthronine) that increases metabolism Also secretes calcitonin that decreases excess calcium levels in the blood –Hyperthyroidism Too much thyroid hormone SS: Increased appetite, yet loses weight. If left untreated, will cause cardiac dysrhythmias and heart failure Develops into 2 disorders: Graves disease and thyroid crisis Graves disease (goiter exophthalmus- protruding eyes) –Exophthalmus- protruding eyes –Thyroid storm- High fever (gt;102), tachycardia, hypertension, restlessness, seizures, delirium –Thyroidectomy- Will be on lifelong replacement hormones Euthryroid state (balanced hormonal state before surgery) Nursing precautions: hemorrhage, respiratory distress, laryngeal nerve damage, tetany, thyroid storm Myxedema- form of hypothyroidism Brought on by exposure to cold, infx, temp, trauma, narcotics tranquilizers More frequent in women SS: seizures, lethary to coma, hypothermia. Respiratory and cardiovascular systems shut down. Tx: airway, Cardiac function, increasing Temperature and TH levels by getting levothyroxine by IV. Page 4 –Cushings Syndrome Adrenal cortex produce s too much cortisol (hormone) or ACTH SS: fat deposits in abdomen, clavicle, buffalo hump, round moon face, hirsutism (excessive facial hair) Dx: Increase cortisol level and elevate 24 hour urine test with 17- ketosteriods and 17- hyroxycortcosteriods. Low potassium, Sodium and glucose levels are also higher. Meds: lysodren and cytadren are commonly used. –Addisons Disease Adrenal insufficiency SS: decrease glucocoritcoids, mineralcorticoids, and androgens Tx: IV fliuids, glucose, Na, glucocorticoids, warm and quiet enviroment Dx: Decreased levels of cortisol, decreased 24 hour urine test with 17- ketosteriods, Potassium is increased, glucose and sodium are decreased. –Pheochromocytoma benign tumor of adrenal medulla Produces excessives amounts of epinephrine and norepinephrine Stimulates the sympathetic nervous system SS: BP 200-300/150 +, pounding HA, profuse sweating, tachycardia, flushing, Dx: increased catecholamine levels in the blood or urine, CT scan. Adrenaelectomy Nursing care: stabilize BP –Adrenalectomy Removal of adrenal gland High risk of Addisonian crisis or adrenal crisis. Addisonian Crisis hypotension, rapid weak pulse, extreme weakness, confusion, circulating collapse and shock. Dangerously low K+ levels. Diabetes Insipidus Results from lack of ADH hormone Two types: neurogenic (damage to pituitary) and nephrogenic (Kidneys) Risk for hypernatremia Sx: Polydipsia, polyuria (5-15 ml. day) urine specific gravity of less than 1. 005, very pale urine, weakeness, dehydration, tachycardia, poor skin turgor, dry mucous membranes Nursing Care: managing fluid and electrolytes, replacing ADH. Monitor daily weight. Meds: Vasopressin (monitor for h/a and abdominal cramps). Thiazide diuretics and low sodium diet Chapter 36- Diabetes Normal blood glucose is 70-100. –Diagnosing D iabetes plasma glucose level (gt;200) oral glucose tolerance test (2 hour test, gt;200) fasting blood glucose (8 hour test, gt; 126) –Peripheral Vascular Disease Greater in Type 2 Atherosclerosis of lower legs Page 5 Leads to gangrene. (Most common cause of amputations) SS: hair loss, atrophic skin, cool feet, red- white legs, thick toenails, pain with walking aand at rest (usually at night), diminished or absent peripheral pulses. Type 1 Diabetes Destruction of beta cells leads to state of absolute insulin deficiency Usually occurs in childhood Prone to developing ketoacidosis Insulin dependent Sx: Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, weight loss, fatigue, malaise, blurred vision –Type 2 Diabetes Sufficient insulin to prevent ketoacidosis, but to lower blood glucose Usually occurs after 30 Most clients are obese Insulin requiring but not dependent Sx: Polyuria, polydipsia, obesity, recurrent infx, fatigue, blurred vision, parenthesias (numbness and tingling around mouth and hands and feet. ) ADA 1800 calorie Diet –Diabetic Acidosis Occurs in Type 1 diabetes Sx: hyperglycemia, dehydration, coma, BS gt; 250, ketonuria. Metabolic Ketoacidosis= fruity, alcohol breath Common in those who are undiagnosed. Tx: fluids, insulin, correction of electrolytes. Unconsciousness patients need 0. 9% normal saline to replace sodium. Start with 0. 9, then 0. 45%. Dextrose is added to prevent hypoglycemia. –Exercise Reduces blood glucose by increase glucose use by the muscles. Eat snack before exercising. Avoid exercising if fasting is gt; 250. –Only regular insulin may be given b y the IV route. –HHS (Hypersmolar Hyperglycemic State) Occurs in Type 2 Characterized by severely high glucose (600 or gt;), extreme dehydration, and altered LOC, grand mal seizures. –Differences between DKA and HHS DKAHHS Type 1Type 2 Lethary Coma Kussmauls breathsRapid, shallow breathing Glucose gt;250Glucose gt; 600 *Kussmauls breathing – rapid, deep respiration to prevent decrease in pH. –Somogyi Effect Morning rise in glucose after a nighttime hypoglycemia. Sx: temors, night sweats, and restlessness. Tx: Eat bedtime snack –Dawn phenomenon Rise in glucose between 4 am and 8 am. Tx: increase insulin dose or changing injection time from dinnertime to bedtime Page 6 –Hyperglycemia Sx: Increased thirst and frequency Diet: low carbohydrates and sugar, sufficient hydration, and frequent small meals. –Hypoglycemia Sx: carry an emergency snack high in carbohydrates to help raise low blood sugar. People who have experienced hypoglycemia in the past should eat meals at regular intervals, avoid excessive alcohol and never drink alcohol on an empty stomach. Chapter 37- Nervous system Cerebrovascular Accident- Brain attack or stroke Thrombotic CVA- Caused by atherosclerosis of arteries. Happens during or after sleep. Embolic CVA- caused by problems with the heart Hemorrhagic CVA- caused by hypertension Right Side vs Left side Effects left sideEffects right side VisualSpeech (Left-Language) UnawareAware ImpulsiveSlow, cautious –Heat stroke heat cramps, heat syncope (fainting), and heat exhaustion . nausea, seizures, confusion, disorientation, and sometimes loss of consciousness. Remove any extra clothes. Frost bite Dont put direct heat on it. Wrap in blankets or move to a warmer environment. Chapter 38- Intracranial Disorders –Closed head injuries Coup-contrecoup- jerking forward-jerking back –Concussion brain injury resulting from violent shaking or impact –Contusion bleeding into soft tissue resulting from blunt force –Epidural Hematoma severe blow to brain causing arterial bleeding between skull and dura mater. –Subdural Hematoma injury between dura mater and subarachnoid layer –Intracerebral Hematoma Bleeding into brain caused by gunshot wound or depressed skull fracture –Simple partial seizure- jerking of finger, hand, foot, leg and face. Called Jacksonian March. – Sx: flashing lights, tingling sensations, or hallucinations. –Complex Partial Seizures Sx: lip smacking, aimless walking, picking up clothing –Absence seizures- In children. blank stare. Lasts 5-10 seconds. May be unaware. –Tonic-clonic seizures- Adults and children. From trauma. Stages: aura, tonic phase, clonic phase, postictal phase Up to 30 mins Page 7 Chapter 39- Neurologic and Spinal –Multiple Sclerosis degenerative disease that damages myelin sheath surrounding axons. Marked by periods of exacerbation and remission Effects Women between 20-50 Myelin sheath is the white matter in the CNS Pt is prone to UTIS, pressure ulcers, joint contractures, pneumonia, depression Dx: CSF (cerebrospinal fluid analysis). Look for IgG. , MRI and CT scan. –Parkinson’s Disease Results from a lack of dopamine 3 cardial signs: tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia. Pill-rolling. Levodopa- Used to treat shaking, stiffness, and slow movement Anticholinergic- Med for Parkinsons –Sx: dry mouth, orthostatic hypotension, constipation, urinary hestation, pupil dilation, blurred vison, dry eyes, photosenstivity, increased heart rate. –Myasthenia Gravis Marked by periods of exacerbation and remission Sx: eyelid ptosis (drooping eye), diplopia (double vision), slurred speech, nasal voice, difficulty chewing or swallowing Face appears to have a snarl or grimace Risk for aspiration and respiratory insufficiency –Cholinergic Crisis caused by taking meds too early. Sx: Severe muscle weakness, NVD, increased salviation, sweating, bradycardia. –Myasthenic crisis Caused by taking meds late Sx: muscle weakness, inability to speak/swallow, respiratory distress, anxiety –Trigeminal Neuralgia Causes pain along both sides of face.

Tattoos essays

Tattoos essays While growing up, my parents always said that tattoos were bad, and they disapproved of them. My dad always told me that his mother told him and his brother never to get tattoos, so they never did. I guess he expected me not to get one because he never did. So I knew early on in life that I would end up disappointing my parents, because I would eventually get a tattoo. Its not that I wanted to disappoint my parents, but I knew that tattoos were going to be a part of my life. The first tattoo that I got, was when I was seventeen, by a friend of mine named Kassy. It is located on the lower right side of my stomach, and the image is a pair of cherries, well sort of. They have normal green stems like cherries do, but where there would be two red balls for the cherries, there are two red skulls. I never really knew why I wanted to get this image tattooed on myself, but it was a new experience and I didnt think it over much. I do not regret getting it though. The second tattoo that I got was also from Kassy when I was seventeen. It is on my upper back, centered from shoulder blade to shoulder blade. This image is of two swallows that are reflecting one another. This is my favorite, though it is yet to be colored in, it is a great work of art. When I do get this one colored, the body of the birds are going to be a dark blue that fades to white in the center, and the wings are going to be a teal blue, that fade to white. Then, it will be my prettiest work of art that I designed, imprinted in my skin forever. There is one thing that I have learned from getting tattoos, It is that you should really wait until you are about twenty years or older to get one. Just because of the fact that people tend to change their mind about images that they want on their body for the rest of their life. I have three other ideas for tattoos that I want for my self. The first is a clover, a horseshoe, and the word lucky on the ...

Biography of Steve Jobs, Co-Founder of Apple Computers

Biography of Steve Jobs, Co-Founder of Apple Computers Steve Jobs (February 24, 1955–October 5, 2011) is best remembered as the co-founder of Apple Computers. He teamed up with inventor  Steve Wozniak to create one of the first ready-made PCs. Besides his legacy with Apple, Jobs was also a smart businessman who became a multimillionaire before the age of 30. In 1984, he founded NeXT computers. In 1986, he bought the computer graphics division of Lucasfilm Ltd. and started Pixar Animation Studios. Fast Facts: Steve Jobs Known For: Co-founding Apple Computer Company and playing a pioneering role in the development of personal computingAlso Known As: Steven Paul JobsBorn: February 24, 1955 in San Francisco, CaliforniaParents: Abdulfattah Jandali and Joanne Schieble (biological parents); Paul Jobs and Clara Hagopian (adoptive parents)Died: October 5, 2011 in Palo Alto, CaliforniaEducation: Reed CollegeAwards and Honors: National Medal of Technology  (with  Steve Wozniak), Jefferson Award for Public Service,  named the most powerful person in business by Fortune  magazine,  Inducted into the  California Hall of Fame, inducted as a  Disney LegendSpouse: Laurene PowellChildren: Lisa (by Chrisann Brennan), Reed, Erin, EveNotable Quote: Of all the inventions of humans, the computer is going to rank near or at the top as history unfolds and we look back. It is the most awesome tool that we have ever invented. I feel incredibly lucky to be at exactly the right place in  Silicon Valley, at  e xactly the right time, historically, where this invention has taken form. Early Life Jobs was born on February 24, 1955, in San Francisco, California. The biological child of Abdulfattah Jandali and Joanne Schieble, he was later adopted by Paul Jobs and Clara Hagopian. During his high school years, Jobs worked summers at Hewlett-Packard. It was there that he first met and became partners with Steve Wozniak. As an undergraduate, he studied physics, literature, and poetry at Reed College in Portland, Oregon.  Formally, he only attended one semester there. However, he remained at Reed and crashed on friends sofas and audited courses that included a calligraphy class, which he attributes as being the reason Apple computers had such elegant typefaces. Atari After leaving Oregon in 1974 to  return to California, Jobs started working for Atari, an early pioneer in the manufacturing of personal computers. Jobs close friend  Wozniak was also working for Atari. The future founders of Apple teamed up to design games for Atari computers. Hacking Jobs and Wozniak proved their skills as hackers by designing a telephone blue box. A blue box was an electronic device that simulated a telephone operators dialing console and provided the user with free phone calls. Jobs spent plenty of time at Wozniaks Homebrew Computer Club, a haven for computer geeks and a source of invaluable information about the field of personal computers. Out of Mom and Pops Garage By the late 1970s, Jobs and Wozniak had learned enough to try their hand at building personal computers. Using Jobs family garage as a base of operation, the team produced 50 fully assembled computers that were sold to a local Mountain View electronics store called the Byte Shop. The sale encouraged the pair to start Apple Computer, Inc. on April 1, 1979. Apple Corporation The Apple Corporation was named after  Jobs favorite fruit. The Apple logo was a representation of the fruit with a bite taken out of it. The bite represented a play on words: bite and byte. Jobs co-invented the  Apple I  and  Apple II  computers together with  Wozniak, who was the main designer, and others. The Apple II is  considered to be  one of the first commercially successful lines of personal computers. In 1984, Wozniak, Jobs, and others co-invented the  Apple Macintosh  computer, the first  successful home computer with a mouse-driven graphical user interface. It was, however, based on (or, according to some sources, stolen from) the Xerox Alto, a concept machine built at the Xerox PARC research facility. According to the Computer History Museum, the Alto included: A mouse. Removable data storage. Networking. A visual user interface. Easy-to-use graphics software. â€Å"What You See Is What You Get† (WYSIWYG) printing, with printed documents matching what users saw on screen. E-mail. Alto for the first time combined these and other now-familiar elements in one small computer. During the early 1980s, Jobs controlled the business side of the Apple Corporation. Steve Wozniak was in charge of the design side. However, a power struggle with the board of directors led to Jobs leaving Apple in 1985. NeXT After leaving Apple,  Jobs founded NeXT, a high-end computer company. Ironically, Apple bought NeXT in 1996 and Jobs returned to his old company to serve once more as its CEO from 1997 until his retirement in 2011. The NeXT was an impressive workstation computer that sold poorly. The worlds first web browser was created on a NeXT, and the technology in NeXT software was transferred to the Macintosh and the iPhone. Disney Pixar In 1986, Jobs bought The Graphics Group from Lucasfilms computer graphics division for $10 million. The company was later renamed Pixar. At first, Jobs intended for  Pixar to become a high-end graphics hardware developer, but that goal was never met.  Pixar moved on to do what it now does best, which is make animated films. Jobs negotiated a deal to allow Pixar and Disney to collaborate on a number of animated projects that included the film Toy Story. In 2006, Disney bought Pixar from  Jobs. Expanding Apple After Jobs returned to Apple as its CEO in 1997, Apple Computers had a renaissance in product development with the iMac, iPod, iPhone, iPad, and more. Before his death, Jobs was listed as the inventor and/or co-inventor on 342 United States patents, with technologies ranging from computer and portable devices to user interfaces, speakers, keyboards, power adapters, staircases, clasps, sleeves, lanyards, and packages. His last patent was issued for the Mac OS X Dock user interface and was granted the day before his death. Death Steve Jobs died at his home in Palo Alto, California, on October 5, 2011. He had been ill for a long time with pancreatic cancer, which he had treated using alternative techniques. His family reported that his final words were, Oh wow. Oh wow. Oh wow. Legacy Steve Jobs was a true computer pioneer and entrepreneur whose impact is felt in almost every aspect of contemporary business, communication, and design. Jobs was absolutely dedicated to every detail of his products- according to some sources, he was obsessive- but the outcome can be seen in the sleek, user-friendly, future-facing designs of Apple products from the very start. It was Apple that placed the PC on every desk, provided digital tools for design and creativity, and pushed forward the ubiquitous smartphone which has, arguably, changed the ways in which humans think, create, and interact. Sources Computer History Museum.  What Was The First PC?Gladwell, Malcolm, and Malcolm Gladwell. â€Å"The Real Genius of Steve Jobs.†Ã‚  The New Yorker, 19 June 2017.Levy, Steven. â€Å"Steve Jobs.†Ã‚  Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, 20 Feb. 2019.

Goal for the Case Study Assessment Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Goal for the Case Study Assessment - Coursework Example Some of the interventions undertaken include teaching directly to him and practicing with long patterns of vowels and having Chris to read short passages loudly daily to work on his fluency. Goal: Given a level 2 expository text, Chris would be in a position to read fluently at an 80WPM rate with a total accuracy of 90% to 93% on two out of the three tries measured by the QRI-5 by the time the year ends. Goal: Given an expository prompt of writing, Chris will comfortably move up[ from level to three and above on proper organization by using a proper structure of the text to help in answering the writing prompt measured by beginners writing continuum rubric. Objective: when writing his expository paper, Chris will use various graphic organizers as a pre-writing organizer to identify correctly the prompt’s text structure 2 out of the three consecutive opportunities (Brown-Chidsey & Andren,  2013).

Alzheimer's Disease Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Alzheimer's Disease Paper - Essay Example Alzheimer’s disease imparts great effects on both the patient, as well as his family members. It is a depressing condition, with no hope for complete cure. As the disease advances, the patient needs to be looked after every moment. This has led to an increase in the trend for sending these patients to care centers developed for the needs of Alzheimer’s patients. This has psychological effects on the whole family as no one wants to stay away from one’s beloved family members. Unfortunately, no medicines are known to completely cure the situation; yet drugs are available to slow down the process temporarily. Studies are still being carried out in an effort to find a cure for this disease. At this stage, we can just hope for a better future regarding Alzheimer’s treatment options as the knowledge for its causes and mechanisms still need to be fully understood. Alzheimer’s disease 3 Alzheimer’s disease is a disease of old age, mostly appearing af ter 65 years of age, with a risk increasing in a direct proportion to age. This disease was named after a German physician Alois Alzheimer, who was the first one to treat a case of Alzheimer disease in 1906. According to the calculated data, there are about 5.3 million affected persons of Alzheimer’s disease currently reported in United States alone. ... SOCIAL IMPACTS OF ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE: The patients affected with Alzheimer’s disease face a lot of trouble as their entire life style changes with the progression of disease. There must be someone available to take care of them all the time. Such patients do not know what to do in situations with which they have dealt with several times before the onset of disease; for example they may not even know what to do when a glass breaks, as the severity of their disease increases. Such situations make these patients highly vulnerable to harm themselves if left alone. Providing in-home care to such patients or a long-term care in terms of shifting these patients to a care center gives a great financial impact. Alzheimer’s disease 4 Most often Alzheimer’s disease is misjudged as forgetfulness due to old age during the initial course of disease. But as the signs and symptoms proceed, the problems get worse. A woman reported that she initially misdiagnosed her husba nd’s disease to be a mere case of decreased memory, but she actually realized the problem when one day she received a call from her husband’s work place where he used to go about 30 years back. She was told that he used to go there and became agitated and angry whenever he was told that he was retired and no longer worked there. Such experiences change the behavior of the affected individual as well as their loved ones. The patients of Alzheimer’s disease most often lack an insight about their deficits, and thus need a continuous care in order to prevent them from possible harms. Just as in case of little children, who need a full time monitoring, these old patients

Discussion Board Assignment Essay Example for Free

Discussion Board Assignment Essay In biology a species is a group of animals that is able to mate and produce healthy offspring. According to the biology online dictionary, population is a group of organisms of one species that interbreed and live in the same place at the same time. This discussion is based on the Nile crocodile which is found in Africa. Its species is biologically known as Crocodylas niloticus. It can grow to length of seven metres, and although it mainly feeds on larger mammals including human beings it can also feed on fish. If we take the year 2000 as our time zero then we might see a great change in the size of the body of the Nile crocodile in coming years. The trait that will most likely change in this species is the size of teeth. As at now, the Nile crocodile has got big teeth which are used to crush the large prey it catches. This means that the main source of food will be fish. Since most of fishes available are small in size then it means that the big teeth will be of no use. The crocodiles which are big in the size of their bodies are going to die since the food available will be less and only efficient for the ones which are small in size. As time goes by and due to unavailability of enough food, you will find that small sized crocodiles will have a higher chance of survival as a result of natural selection. Due to environmental changes and human encroachment, in future wild animals (prey) will be fewer. Human beings are increasingly destroying the wild animals’ habitats in Africa, thereby, reducing the population of the wild animals which are the main crocodiles’ prey. It is also worth to note that, environmental changes like global warming which is causing severe droughts in Africa is affecting the populations of the wild animals (crocodiles’ main prey). REFERENCE Biology online, retrieved on 31st, October, 2008, available at http://www. biology-online. org/dictionary/Population Species of crocodilians, retrieved on 31st, October, 2008, available at http://science. jrank. org/pages/1867/Crocodiles-Species-crocodilians. html

Essay --

Implications of poor body image Social functioning Actual attractiveness has consistently been shown to be related to various aspects of social functioning. Additionally, studies have also shown that the way an individual feels about his or her body is also associated with social functioning. In a review of such studies, Tantleff-Dunn and Kinder (2011) noted the general trend that people who felt more positively about their bodies tended to report greater comfort and confidence in their interpersonal interactions, while others who felt more negatively about their bodies reported more discomfort in social situations, and more avoidance of these situations (Annis, Cash, & Hrabosky, 2004; Cash, Theriault, & Annis, 2004; Davidson & McCabe, 2005; Nezlek, 1999). The researchers involved in these studies have attempted to explain these findings through theories and frameworks such as social cognition and attachment theory. The social cognition framework ties in with the sociocultural model of influence on body image. While the sociocultural model of influence has been seen as a way through which body image develops, the social cognition framework extends this relationship to be reciprocal in nature. This means that while the opinions of others might shape an individual’s view of his or her body, body image can also act a filter that impacts the nature and quality of one’s relationships. Bowlby’s (reference) attachment theory proposes that early attachment has an impact on later social functioning and the development of psychopathology. Building on this school of thought, four attachment styles were conceptualized (Bartholomew & Horowitz, reference). In general, the four attachment styles can be viewed as either secure or insecure.... ...a causal factor in the development of BDD, body image dissatisfaction is seen as central to the pathology and maintenance of the disorder (Phillips, 2011). Individuals with BDD thus might also benefit from the treatment of body image disturbances. Poor Body Image and Adolescents Even before the age of formal schooling, children are likely to be exposed to thin beauty ideals (Blowers, Loxton, Grady-Flesser, Occhipinti, & Dawe, 2003; Dittmar, Halliwell, & Ive, 2006), and it has been found that in girls as early as 6 or 7 years of age, their level of awareness of the thin ideal body is similar to that of girls five or six years older (Murnen, Smolak, Mills, & Good, 2003). Research has also shown that body dissatisfaction and disordered eating attitudes are also common at this point in childhood, particularly among girls (Ricciardelli & McCabe, 2001; Smolak, 2004).

Maturational, Environmental and the Constructivist theories Essay

Theories of development are much more specific than paradigms or worldviews (Miller, 1993). A theory of development deals with change over time and is usually concerned with three things. First, it should describe changes over time within an area or several areas of development. Second, it should describe changes among areas of development. Third, it should explain these changes. No one theory has proved adequate to describe and explain learning or development. Numerous theories of development have influenced educational practices during the 20th century (Aldridge, Kuby, & Strevy, 1992), and currently a shift is affecting theories of child development and education. Some of the historical and current theories that have influenced education include Gesell’s (1925) maturational theory, Skinner’s (1974) behaviorist approach, Freud’s (1935) psychoanalytic theory, Piaget’s (1952) constructivist theory, Vygotsky’s (1978) socio-historical approach, Bronfen brenner’s (1989) ecological systems theory, and Gardner’s (1983) multiple intelligences theory. More recently, critical theory (see Kessler & Swadener, 1992) has influenced education and child development practices, even though critical theory is not a theory of development. Finally, postmodern conceptions have changed the way we think of children and how to educate them (Elkind, 1995, 2000/2001). There are several theories of a child development but three of them have a profound impact on kindergarten readiness practices. These three theories include maturational, environmental and constructivist perceptions of development. We will take a look to each one individually, and then we will compare them against each other. The maturational theory was highly developed by Arnold Gesell and continues to affect what goes on schools, mainly in early childhood classrooms. Arnold Gesell (1880-1961) followed the works of Darwin and other evolutionists, eventually developing the Gesell Maturational Theory. His theory contends that development in childhood and adolescence is primarily biological, or genetic, in origin. Biology and genetics inheritances determine predictable patterns of biological behavior that Gesell termed norms. He felt that children’s development patterns opened automatically by biology, as the unfolding of a flower does because it is genetically programmed to do so in the right environment. As the flower requires proper soil and rain, children require a nurturing, stable environment, and little else to mature both biologically and psychologically. In the company of renowned author and physician Benjamin Spock, who wrote Spock’s Baby and Child Care, Gesell was among the first professionals to compile developmental stage information with which parents could learn to understand their children. Because childhood and adolescent development is the product of millions of years of evolution, he mainly advocated sensitivity and understanding as parental approaches to development. Biology has already given children what they need to understand their own development. Gesell worked in a lab at Yale University, studying children and their developmental stages. He cataloged children’s behavior at various ages and described the norms in their collective development. As such, his theory is often grouped with normative-descriptive approaches, because it uses norms of development to describe the process of maturation. Gesell’s theory was groundbreaking because it implied that learning, illness; injury and life experiences were secondary, if at all influential, to biology and the evolution of the genetics that program a child’s development. Unless the child’s environment were so distorted as to be harmful, he felt that children were born with all the information their bodies needed for development and maturation. Genetics determine the developmental process and the timing of maturation, and parents could affect very little of this, except by being sensitive to cues learned from the descriptive norms. Maturational theory believers, think that development is a natural process that occurs automatically in conventional, chronological stages over time. This perspective leads many teachers and families to assume that young children will gain knowledge naturally and automatically as they mature. According to maturational theory, school readiness is a condition at which all healthy young children can perform tasks such as reciting the alphabet and counting. If a child is developmentally unready for school, maturationists might suggest referrals to transitional kindergartens, retention, or holding children out of school f or an additional year (DeCos, 1997). These practices are sometimes used by schools, educators, and parents when a young child developmentally lags behind his or her peers. The young child’s underperformance is interpreted as the child needing more time to acquire the knowledge and skills needed to perform at the level of his or her peer. Today, maturational theory is partially responsible for the existence of prekindergarten and pre first grades aimed at children who supposedly need the† gift of time,† because of immaturity or a late birthday. These classrooms tend to have a ratio of boys to girls of anywhere from 7:1 to 10:1 (Aldridge, Eddowes, & Kuby, 1998). These practitioners of maturational theory consider that any difficulty that a child is experience is found within the child. Another problem of the maturational theory is the late birthday. This means that children in the classrooms, who are the youngest, are being labeled as â€Å"late birthday† and are often branded by the teachers as being slower and less ready for instruction. Maturational theory strongly influenced the teaching of reading in the mid 1900s (Morphett & Washburne, 1931). Children were not thought to be ripe for reading until they had a mental age of six and a half years. Consequently, readiness activities were developed for children who were not yet ready to read. Some of this nonsense still occurs in preschool, kindergarten, and even primary-level classrooms. Today, maturational theory is partially responsible for the existence of prekindergarten and pre first grades aimed at children who supposedly need the† gift of time,† because of immaturity or a late birthday. These classrooms tend to have a ratio of boys to girls of anywhere from 7:1 to 10:1 (Aldridge, Eddowes, & Kuby, 1998). The environmental theory has at its development theorists such as J. Watson, B.F. Skinner and Albers Brandura, who contributed greatly to the theory perspective. Environmentalists believe the child’s environment shapes learning and behavior. The environmental theory emphasizes the role of the environment on an individual’s development. This environmental point of view leads many families to believe that young children develop and gain new information by reacting to their surroundings. Kindergarten readiness, according to the environmentalists, is the age or stage when young children can respond appropriately to the environment of the school and the classroom (e.g., rules and regulations, curriculum activities, positive behavior in group settings, and directions and instructions from teachers and other adults in the school). Teachers who are followers of this theory, believes that the ability to respond appropriately to this environment is necessary for young children to participate in teacher initiated learning activities, and that the child success depends on following the teacher instruction. Many environmentalist-influenced educators and parents believe that young children learn best by rote activities, such as reciting the alphabet over and over, copying letters, and tracing numbers. These viewpoints are evident in kindergarten classrooms where young children are expected to sit at desks arranged in rows and listen attentively to their teachers. While at home children are provided with workbooks containing activities such as coloring or tracing numbers and letters. Also this theory proposed that children are influenced by the multiple systems in which they reside, either directly or peripherally. These systems include the microsystem, the mesosystem, the exosystem, and the macrosystem. Applications of this contextual theory focus on the seemingly endless variables within the child, and between the child and the numerous contexts affecting her. Although few people would quarrel with the importance of these influences, trying to account for all the endless interactions and variables affecting a child is exhausting and impractical. How would we ever have enough information about children’s temperament, activity levels, attentional states, or learning capaciti es as they relate to the microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, and macrosystem? The next theory is the constructivist. Its perspective was advanced by theorists such as Piaget, Montessori and Vygotsky. It can be described as a theory that deals with the way people create meaning of the world through a series of individual constructs. Constructs are the different types of filters we choose to place over our realities to change our reality from chaos to order. Von Glasersfeld describes constructivism as, â€Å"a theory of knowledge with roots in philosophy, psychology, and cybernetics†. Simply stated, it is a learning process which allows a student to experience an environment first-hand, thereby, giving the student reliable, trust-worthy knowledge. The student is required to act upon the environment to both acquire and test new knowledge. This theory relies heavily on logical-mathematical knowledge and universal invariant stages of development to the neglect of other forms of knowledge and the importance of context in a child’s development. Even though knowledge is constructed from the â€Å"inside out† through interaction with the environment, the focus is more on the individual’s coordination of relationships rather than on socially constructed knowledge. Constructivists view young children as dynamic members in learning process, and are consistent in their belief that learning and development take place when young children interact with the environment and people around them. Because active interaction with the environment and people are necessary for learning and development, constructivists believe that children are ready for school when they can initiate many of the interactions they have with the environment and people around them. During kindergarten, classrooms are separated into different learning centers, and are prepared with developmentally materials for young children to play and manipulate. During home parents engage their young children in reading and storytelling activities and encourage children to participate in daily household activities, in a way that introduces concepts as counting and language use. In addition, parents may provide young children with picture books containing very large print, and toys that stimulate interaction (such as building blocks and large puzzles). When a young child encounters difficulties in the learning process, the constructivist approach is neither to label the child nor to retain him or her; instead, constructivists give the child some individualized attention and customize the classroom curriculum to help the child address his or her difficulties. Autonomy is the aim of education in constructivism (Kamii, 2000). Constructivist theory, however, has not adequately addressed either individual differences or cultural and contextual contributions to development and education (Delpit, 1988; Kessler & Swadener, 1992; Mallory & New, 1994). Thus, the needs of children who are different often are not met in constructivist classrooms. Today, most researchers have come to understand child development and learning process as expressed by the constructivist. However many parents and teachers still believes that children who cannot recite the alphabet or count are not ready for school. References Buchwald J (1987), â€Å"A comparison of plasticity in sensory and cognitive processing systems†, in Gunzenhauser N, Infant Stimulation, Skillman NJ: Johnson & Johnson Mind in Society: The development of higher psychological processes (Translation by Michael Cole), Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1978 (Published originally in Russian in 1930) Mossler, R.A. (2011). Child and adolescent development. Bridgepoint Education, Inc. Powell, D.R. (1991, July). Strengthening parental contributions to school readiness and early school learning (Paper commissioned by the Office of Educational Research and Improvement). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education. Vygotsky, L.S. (1998). Child psychology. The collected works of L. S. Vygotsky: Vol. 5. Problems of the theory and history of psychology. New York: Plenum. White, S.H.(1968). The learning maturation controversy: Hall to Hull. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly

Status Of Women

What is gender? What is sex in biological terms? Are gender and sex the same thing? Explain why or why not? The state of being male or female, typically used with reference to social and cultural differences rather than biological ones. Gender refers to the personal sexual identity of an individual regardlessnof the persons bological and outward sex. How people define masculinity and femininity can vary based on the ndividuals background and surrounding culture. Our biological sex is how we are defined as female and male or intersex.It describes our internal and external bodies including our sexual and reproductive anatomy, our genetic make-up and our hormones. The distinction between sex and gender differentiates sex, the biological make-up of an individuals reproductive anatomy or secondary sex characteristics, from gender, an individuals lifestyle or personal identity of ones own gender. Sex and gender are often used interchangeably. How do gender and sex contribute to the concept s and constructions of masculinity and femininity? Genedr and sex contribute to the concepts and construction of masculinity and femininity in many ways.Gender and sex concepts and construction of masculinity and femininity of being able to tell the difference between the two. They show them as being completely different like males being the protector and ladies being caring and emotional. Do our concepts of gender and sex contribute to the ways we embrace gender and sex in diversity? Yes, I do feel that our concepts of gender and sex contributr to the way we embrace gender and sex in diversity. I feel that we look at males in one light and females in another, we all at some point expect men to the ones that are tough and brave and look at women as being emotional.When it could be the other way around. Do our concepts of gender and sex contribute to our understanding of sexual orientation? Explain. Yes, I feel that our concepts of gender and sex contribute to our understanding of se xual orientation in mnay ways. We have a understanding of what each gender is and what they provide, causing us to make a desision on who we want to be with in life. Wether we are heterosexual: attracted to an individual of the opposite sex, bisexual: attracted to both sexes, or homosexual: attracted to members of the same sex.

Ballet essays

Ballet essays Before I begin this quest of analysis of myself in the ballet world, I would first like to ask a question. Do you believe that its possible for someone to detest themselves so much in a specific genre of dance that they are almost willing to give up completely? I am having serious issues with ballet as an art form, an expressive tool, or what have you, and I think youll notice this when I critique myself. Based on what I have seen through watching the video in class ballet and me do not mix. I may have wonderful phrasing, but that to me doesnt cover the inability to do ballet period. On flat, for crying out loud, my turn out looked nonexistent as well as my ability to point my feet. Rotation has always been an issue for me and I feel as though it will be forever no matter how hard I work. On the emboits as well as my grand tours proved this statement. My knees mine as well have been parallel. On the grand jete en tournant, my back leg should have been sustained more, my beats in the assemble were not as clear as I had hoped, and none of my passes reached full potential- not even in the pique turns. My pirouettes were awful because I wasnt turning out my pass-ing leg enough and I wasnt lifted as much as I should have been in order to complete the turn successfully. In the face of all this, however, the positive aspects of this combination was that I hit all the landmarks and directi onal qualities as well as staying true to the phrasing. The second time around on pointe as I am watching myself, I realize that my midterm practicum was the first time I performed this combination on pointe. The day we practiced in class I had a bad ankle ( I think I still do, we should talk about this). On the second set of emboites I was definitely behind on the music because I am now realizing that it takes more work to get off the floor, and during the soutenu turn I realized it takes less work. Ther...

AP StyleGuard and the Death of Editing

AP StyleGuard and the Death of Editing AP StyleGuard and the Death of Editing AP StyleGuard and the Death of Editing By Mark Nichol Thanks to a new software program called AP StyleGuard, human intervention in improvement of written content is no longer necessary. All editors, please clean out your desks and report to Human Resources for your exit interview in five minutes; HR staff will provide information about career-change counseling on request. That’s a joke, folks. (So’s the headline.) But StyleGuard is fact, not fiction: The Associated Press announced it last week in a press release. According to the release, the plug-in â€Å"is similar in functionality to Microsoft Word’s spelling and grammar proofing tools and intuitively checks Word documents for the AP Stylebook’s fundamental spelling, language, punctuation, usage, and journalistic style guidelines.† That’s all well and good just another layer of technological assistance for writers, like spell-checking functions but every editorial enhancement like this increases the possibility of two unfortunate outcomes: 1. Upper management will assume that such tools obviate or reduce the need for flesh-and-blood-and-red-ink editors. 2. Writers will become less diligent about taking responsibility for the quality and clarity of their prose. Call me biased, but I strongly believe that the classic editorial-review protocol writer, editor(s), proofreader will never go out of (ahem) style. The latter stages can be (and often are) omitted, but at the expense of editorial excellence. As an editor and writer, I know all too well, from both perspectives, how the lack of an editing stage can have a deleterious impact on prose, or at least result in published errors. Also, I know that tools can become crutches if they supplant rather than supplement human judgment. Spell-checking and grammar-checking programs, StyleGuard, and similar innovations to come will never replace the writer’s own critical eye (or an objective second opinion), and there is some evidence that using them can cause one’s own editing skills to deteriorate. Not only that, but less skillful writers can overrely on such tools, accept their sometimes flawed corrections without question, and otherwise ignore their shortcomings. Do I use spell-checking? Of course. No sensible writer (or editor) should bypass the opportunity for its assistance. But I overrule it regularly, and I carefully peruse my prose (admittedly, sometimes not carefully enough) before I submit it for publication. Would I use StyleGuard? Of course if I adhered to Associated Press style. (And if I used a PC; it’s not compatible with Macs.) But I don’t. It’s ideal for writers who do so, thoroughly or with few exceptions. But AP style is highly formulaic, allowing for little flexibility or ambiguity. Compare it with the much more complex (and therefore, for me, much more useful) guidance of The Chicago Manual of Style. Because Chicago often offers alternatives and is much more detailed it’s ill suited for a regimented software program. By all means, buy AP StyleGuard if it suits your needs. But don’t uninstall your brain. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Fiction Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How to Play HQ Words: Cheats, Tips and TricksDissatisfied vs. Unsatisfied

Journal Review of this article - The consequences of visual impairment Essay

Journal Review of this article - The consequences of visual impairment for childrens symbolic and functional play - Essay Example is paper will analyze, the importance of vision or how the lack of vision through some visual impairment will affect the overall development of the children, through a journal, The consequences of visual impairment for children’s symbolic and functional play written by V. Lewis, S. Norgate, G. Collis and R. Reynolds. The crucial formative years only functions as a perfect setting for the child to develop physically, intellectually and emotionally. And with the eye playing the chief role, the children with visual impairment are put at a disadvantage and the journal justifies it through lot of studies and surveys about functional and symbolic plays. Functional play is defined as the appropriate play with toys, which are physically similar to everyday objects but often of a different size. While symbolic play is defined as the play, in which the children will participate, where they will substitute something for something else. The main aim of the studies carried out in this journal is to find out, the effect, visual impairment (VI) will have on the symbolic and functional play of the children. Other aims of the study include, to explore the relationships between functional and symbolic play and language ability as well as autistic-like behaviors in children with VI. By using the Symbolic Play Test (SPT) and by using the Test of Pretend Play (ToPP), the study confirmed the previously reported fact that delay in the development of pretend play occurs in children with VI. And the final results of this study have clearly demonstrated that children with VI are more likely to produce functional and symbolic play in structured settings only. But even in the structured settings, they will be at a great disadvantage if they are required to play with several objects at a time. So this article gives lot of views and results that gives new meanings and reasons. The reasons for the total absence or partial absence of functional and symbolic play in visually impaired children

Starting a Four-day Workweek Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Starting a Four-day Workweek - Assignment Example Several organizations have used it, and it is already proving to be successful in achieving its purpose and benefits. One of the companies that offer cosmetic products and a four-day workweek for its employees is Advanced Dermatology and Cosmetic Surgery Company. The company offers facials, waxing, cleansers, muscle relaxers, general skin care products, and several other cosmetic services (Advanced Dermatology and Cosmetic Surgery Company, 2015). Apart from cosmetic and skincare products, the company also offers cosmetic surgery. The company has an accredited surgery facility used to perform facelift surgery for outpatients under anaesthesia to improve the skin. The areas of the skin that are sagging are accessed by incision through the ear and the airline. According to Indeed, a company offering job search database, Advanced Dermatology and Cosmetic Surgery Company in Ormond Beach Florida, USA likes the four-day workweek because it leads to improved work-life balance and flexible work schedule, leading to higher productivity at the workplace (Indeed, 2015). Following this example, Skin Essentials can provide its employees with four-day workweek. My recommendation is that the policy should be implemented immediately so that employees can establish a work-life balance as soon as possible, and achieve energy-saving opportunity by reducing use of fuel on driving and commuting to the workplace.

Can Jeffrey Sachs End Global Poverty Research Paper

Can Jeffrey Sachs End Global Poverty - Research Paper Example Global poverty is an issue faced by many nations and should be tackled with some of the recommendations that Jeffrey Sachs gives. 2. The policies of economic growth laid down by Jeffrey Sachs can prove to be beneficial if implemented by the richer nations. 3. The United States has a great role to play in eradicating the issue of global poverty from the world. 4. Yes, the U.S should promote global growth by providing the poor nations with the necessary financial aid. 5. Africa is suffering from extreme poverty and U.S should take a stance on tackling the issue of poverty there through which the threats of terrorism can also be decreased. Cons 1. No, the option of economic growth is not the only solution for global poverty prevailing in this world. 2. Along with economic growth it is also necessary that corruption and malice is eradicated from the governments. 3. No, the U.S alone cannot make much of a difference in eradicating the issue of global poverty from this world because of the role that the home government plays. 4. No, financial aid is not the only solution for the eradication and it should be backed by other reforms. Can Jeffrey Sachs End Global Poverty? The debates about poverty and its consequences are getting increasing attention from the authorities, law regulators, politicians, social welfare organizations, policymakers and the public at large. The reasons behind such importance given to the issues of poverty are the unhealthy, inconsistent and unwelcoming consequences of poverty. These consequences affect all areas from the social, psychological, mental and physical health to access quality food, shelter and other basic necessities for people’s lives. Poverty has turned out to be a global issue affecting a great part of the population living in this world. Jeffrey Sachs is a well qualified professor who has classified poverty into three major classes. He believes that individuals either live in extreme poverty, moderate poverty or relative poverty. Sachs put forwards that in the past 25 years economic growth has been witnessed all around the world but this economic growth has not been significant enough to eradicate poverty even from the developed nations. He believes that a balanced economic growth is necessary to eradicate poverty from the world. He has put several points which according to him are necessary to be implemented so that the global poverty can be ended. A question here arises though as to â€Å"if Jeffrey Sachs can end global poverty or not?†1 From the 1990s it has been seen that the role of international financial institutions have increased in the global politics. These IFIs are responsible on aiding the poor nations with money which they have to use for economic growth. This economic growth can help in eradicating the roots of poverty. Sachs believes that the rich nations have a special role to play in helping to cut off the roots of poverty. The richest countries of the world like United Sta tes can allocate 0.7% of their budget to the poorer nations so that they can prosper and make economic growth. Currently the United States only spends 0.15% in the aid which should be increased by cutting down the defence budgets2. He believes that the country who is participating for a change should make sure that the transformation is really occurring. Lack of commitment by the richer countries can become a hurdle to the progress of economic growth. His emphasis on commitment by the richer nations can be seen in these words â€Å"‘The U.S. lack of support for Bolivia was appalling’.3 Jeffrey Sachs blames the United States for the continuing global poverty in this world. He cites that the war against terrorism launched by the United States is a complete failure and can be tackled in other ways too. According to him the issue of terrorism can be tackled if the interest of US was shifted towards international relations rather than on military advancement. The roots of t errorism can be cut out by economic growth and by helping a poor nation to progress the war against

Overview Of The Water Purifier Industry Environmental Sciences Essay

Overview Of The Water Purifier Industry Environmental Sciences Essay Approximately 80% of diseases in India are caused by water borne micro organisms. This is true in rural as well as urban India. However, awareness of health risks linked to unsafe water is still very low among the rural population. The few who treat water resort to boiling or use domestic candle filters. In comparison, the urban Indian is definitely more health conscious and understands the necessity of purifying water before it is fit for consumption. Even so, it is estimated that roughly 7% of urban Indians use non manual water purifiers. More Indians need to become aware of the importance of installing drinking water purifiers. There remains a huge untapped market. Though quite a few city dwellers still boil water, many are switching over to modern domestic water purifiers. Electrical or chemical based home water purification systems are most suitable for urban households because they require little or no manual operation and depending on the technology can eliminate biological contaminants, chemical toxins and excessive salts. The main contaminants are, however, micro organisms. UV purifiers and advanced chemical based systems deal effectively with viruses, giardia and bacteria. This is one of the reasons why UV and resin based purifiers are the most widely used water purifiers in India today. It is estimated that around 80% of urban dwellers do not purify tap water. Many of them are from the lower income strata and cannot afford UV or reverse osmosis water purification systems. They are the potential buyers of economical but effective chemical purifiers. This is the market that Eureka Forbes and Hindustan Unilever are tapping aggressively. Chemical based purifiers, Aquasure and Pureit, together account for 20% of water purifiers sold. Both are becoming increasingly popular because they are effective and affordable. The two brands are reported to be growing at 100 percent per annum. Also, they do not run on electricity and are ideal for locations where power supply is unpredictable. Neither do they demand continuous water supply. Power and water are still scarce even in urban India. It is estimated that roughly two thirds of the existing water purification market belongs to UV water purifiers and one third is shared between reverse osmosis purification systems and chemical purifiers. In the UV purifier segment, Eureka Forbes Aquaguard is the clear market leader with approximately 68% market share. Other brands include Philips Intelligent Water Purifier and Kents UV purifier. The UV purifier market is estimated to be growing at a lower rate than the chemical based segment. Reverse osmosis purifiers, which are rather expensive and not the preferred option in many areas, have a smaller share of the market when compared with UV purifiers and chemical based systems. In the reverse osmosis segment, Eureka Forbes is again the major player with 60% share. A major portion of the remaining 40% belongs to Kent reverse osmosis Systems. That the Indian market has tremendous potential is evident from the fact that global majors such as Philips and Hindustan Lever have stepped in and are looking to increase their share of the market. The three principal players today are Eureka Forbes, Hindustan Lever and Philips. In the years to come, we are likely to see others entering the fray Water purifiers are one of the most used kitchen utilities Available in India. Water Purification and Backpacking is an industry in itself in India. Portable versions of Water Purifiers are available for Camping and Hiking. Water Purification Methods include the mechanized versions as well as the age-old and time-tested Water Purification Tablets. The Water Purification Process includes removing contaminants from the raw water source. Some of the home remedies for Water Purification are boiling or the use of the household charcoal filter. But these do not ensure the required standard of Water Purification thus a proper treatment is mandatory. Thats where the Water Purifiers For Home step in. treatment of water by ozone also provides certain levels of purity. Utilizing the advanced technology and machines, we offer water purifiers, which are widely used for the domestic water purification. It makes the water suitable for drinking and everyday usage like drinking, bathing, cooking and washing etc Features Low maintenance No Chemicals Compact Light Weight Eco Friendly Easy Handling Available 250 Liters per hour 500 Liters per hour 1000 Liters per hour Chapter 2 Various technology used by different water purifier Activated Carbon (AC). Activated carbon (AC) is particles of carbon that have been treated to increase their surface area and increase their ability to adsorb a wide range of contaminants activated carbon is particularly good at adsorbing organic compounds.   We will find two basic kinds of carbon filters Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) and Solid Block Activated Carbon (SBAC).   Contaminant reduction in AC filters takes place by two processes, physical removal of contaminant particles, blocking any that are too large to pass through the pores (obviously, filters with smaller pores are more effective), and a process called adsorption by which a variety of dissolved contaminants are attracted to and held (adsorbed) on the surface of the carbon particles. The characteristics of the carbon material (particle and pore size, surface area, surface chemistry, density, and hardness) influence the efficiency of adsorption. Reverse Osmosis (RO)- Diffusion is the movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. Osmosis is a special case of diffusion in which the molecules are water and the concentration gradient occurs across a semipermeable membrane. The semipermeable membrane allows the passage of water, but not ions (e.g., Na+, Ca2+, Cl-) or larger molecules (e.g., glucose, urea, bacteria). Diffusion and osmosis are thermodynamically favorable and will continue until equilibrium is reached. Osmosis can be slowed, stopped, or even reversed if sufficient pressure is applied to the membrane from the concentrated side of the membrane. Reverse osmosis occurs when the water is moved across the membrane against the concentration gradient, from lower concentration to higher concentration. To illustrate, imagine a semipermeable membrane with fresh water on one side and a concentrated aqueous solution on the other side. If normal osmosis takes place, the fresh water will cross the membrane to dilute the concentrated solution. In reverse osmosis, pressure is exerted on the side with the concentrated solution to force the water molecules across the membrane to the fresh water side. Reverse osmosis is often used in commercial and residential water filtration. It is also one of the methods used to desalinate seawater. Sometimes reverse osmosis is used to purify liquids in which water is an undesirable impurity (e.g., ethanol). For example Kent RO is present in the market Ultraviolet Radiation (UV)- Ultraviolet purification uses a UV light source (lamp) which is enclosed in a protective transparent sleeve (usually quartz). The lamp is mounted such that water passing through a flow chamber is exposed to the UV-C light rays. When harmful microbes are exposed to the UV rays, their nucleic acid absorbs the UV energy, which then scrambles the DNA structure of the organism. The cell is rendered sterile and can no longer reproduce. The cell is now considered dead and is no longer a threat. UV treatment is an excellent choice to eliminate biological contamination from most home drinking water, whether your home is on a municipal water system or untreated private system (well, lake water, etc.). Its sole purpose is to kill harmful biological contaminants, and therefore should always be combined with other forms of filtration (GAC / carbon block, KDF, or reverse osmosis) for reduction of heavy metals, chlorine, VOCs, and other chemical contaminants. Ion Exchange (IEX) -Most popular Ion exchange (IEX) media in POU for heavy metals reduction is ATS or ATC media, zeolite etc. Various IEX resins are often used for industrial processes for specific water use. Ion exchange theory in layman language is simply gaining and loosing atoms (swapping atoms). In drinking water for example soluble lead is a positive ion whilst chlorine is a negative ion (cat ions+, anions-). Most common ion exchange in rural area is Softener. Another popular often called redox technology. is IEX media used in POU is KDF 55 (copper zinc alloy in granule form) for its high chlorine reduction. By simply swapping atoms this metal alloy turns chlorine into harmless chloride. Many POU makers using this alloy claim soluble lead reduction, bacteriostatic proprieties, some go as far as cysts and bacteria removal and a host of other miracles. KDF 55 is widely use for shower and garden filters which are impressively compact and effective de-chlorinator Chapter 3 Water Purifier Companies in India The main Manufacturers of the water purifiers are following Eureka Forbes Philips Kent Usha Brita Jaipan Kenstar Maharaja Whiteline Orpat Zero B . Chapter 4 On the basis of Porter 5 force model we can analysis the water purifier industry Competition in the market Porters 5 force Model for water purifier industry Threat of new Entrants- High Market entry barrier is not high. Brand Identity. Low cost of capital imposes a Low entry barrier. High RD cost. Market Exit Barrier is also not so high. Intensity of Rivalry among existing Competitors- Very High Customer loyalty is very capricious. Entry level Advertisement war in water purifiers. Low profit margins. Perceived lack of differentiation in technologies by customer. Pressure from Substitute product Medium Packaged drinking water. Ground water / Municipal Supplies. Chemical distributed by government to clean water. Boiled water Bargaining power of Suppliers -High Suppliers product is an important input to the buyers business. Number of suppliers are also few. Supplier to buyer ratio. Bargaining power of Buyers-High Customers are price sensitive. Spreading towards rural areas with increased awareness and health Consciousness Chapter 5 Target Customers Water purifier industry is focusing on middle class of the society because this class is educated and enough money to buy the products. Companies have to work less to sell their products to consumers. If company starts focusing on rural area it very difficult to tell them what are the benefits of water purifier. Company have to do lots of effort to sell their products. by this way the sale will be very less. With increasing number of people becoming conscious of the risks of drinking contaminated water, the demand for water purifiers is rising rapidly. In the past few years, Indian water purifier industry has witnessed an exponential growth of 22% CAGR. The water purifier industry sales grew dramatically during 2009 as compared to previous fiscals due to improving demand and expanding production capacity. The industry saw high growth of rate 17% during 2008 due to the increasing awareness for safe drinking water. The UV segment, which constitutes more than 55% of the industry and is a key focus area for water purifier manufacturers, due to the higher margins it offers, is expected to continue its rapid growth. According to Research, Indian Water Purifier industry will continue its growth trajectory and is expected to witness a turnover growth of more than 22% CAGR during the period between 2011 and to 2014. To get high sales in market the companies have to differentiate their products from other products present in market. Lot of advertisement should be done to boost the sale of product. Free samples of water purifier should be installed in some houses to show the efficiency and effectiveness of product. CONCLUSION There are number of water purifiers players are present in the market. There is also huge rise in demand of water purifier in market because increase in awareness of general public. To grab the market, companies need to heavily advertise and make their product differentiate. So that general public can attract toward their product. From Proter 5 force therom, it easier to start company of water purifier. Target customers are the middle class of society. The industry should focus on the middle class of society to increase their sales and revenue.

The Power of Horace McCoy’s They Shoot Horses, Don’t They? Essay

The Power of Horace McCoy’s They Shoot Horses, Don’t They? Professor’s Comment: The premise of this essay is to highlight the capacity of Noir literature to defy Modernist values and pioneer later avant-garde literary movements. This student produced a focused, organized, well supported essay. Nearly half a century has passed since most films and texts in the Noir tradition were created, yet one may wonder how much is really known about these popular American products. Scholars remain fascinated by many aspects of Film Noir, yet it appears that its fictional precursors (such as the texts of Cain, McCoy and Hammett) may have been too quickly ignored within the canon. Many have enthusiastically studied, for example, Film Noir’s ground-breaking effects on lighting and acting techniques, as well as its value as a gauge of socio-political climate; couldn’t Noir texts, too, have initiated equally significant results? Whilst critics continue to dispute the categorization of filmic Noir, the very texts that spawned this filmic (r)evolution have been largely dismissed as predictable ‘junk’ for the plebian masses, unspectacular in their normalcy as standard Modernist works. So I wonder: what is it that makes these texts so plain and ordinary, and so Modernist that they require no further attention? Furthermore, in aligning these texts with one particular school (‘Modernism’), are we not limiting their potential to convey a marked unique or progressive ideology? These questions propelled my investigation into Horace McCoy’s novel, They Shoot Horses, Don’t They?. In the examination of this particular source, then, the premise of this paper is to highlight the capacity of Noir literature to defy Modernist values and pioneer late... ...ascinating questions: could Noir literature have pre-dated the onslaught of post-World War Two Post-Modernist fiction? My guess is McCoy, and other Noir writers, were inner Post-Modernists aching to break from Modernist convention, while still turning a profit on their ‘pulp’ fiction. WORKS CITED McCoy, Horace. They Shoot Horses, Don't They?. London: Midnight Classics, 1995. Mary, Klages. Postmodernism. 21 Apr. 2003. University of Colorado. 24 Apr. 2004 . "entropy †¢n." The Concise Oxford Dictionary. Ed. Judy Pearsall. Oxford University Press, 2001. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. McGill University (Nylink). 25 Apr 2004. Pynchon, Thomas. â€Å"Entropy†. The Crying of Lot 49. Perennial, 1999.

Music Is a Kind of Mathematics

â€Å"Music is a kind of Mathematics†. â€Å"Mathematics are a measure of beauty even when man is a measure of beauty†. I heard the professor saying these two sentences in class and it hit me hard. I remembered the teachers in lower classes telling us that Mathematics are the key for everything in life and we didn't believe them, protesting that â€Å"Art†, for example, has nothing to do with Mathematics. Apparently, they were right. But how come do Mathematics seem to be considered as a measure of beauty? Many philosophers have said and written about art's beauty and aesthetics, and it always included some kind of Mathematics in it. In 1150 AD, Acharya Hemachandra wrote about, what's now called Fibonacci Numbers (In Mathematics, Fibonacci numbers are specialized that the last number is the sum of the two previous ones, such as the following: 1,1,2,3,5,8,13,21,34,55,89,144,233,377,610†¦), in poetry lines, 70 years before Fibonacci published his own experiment in his first edition of Liber Abaci. In addition, Pingala seemed to have used them in 200 BC, by considering poetry patterns divided to two lengths of syllables; long and short. In 1, 2 and 3 syllables there's always matching ways to put them. But when it comes to 4 syllables there's 5 ways, just like for 5 syllables there's 8 ways and so it goes. And that's what's special and beautiful about poetry and more precisely rhythm. The Fibonacci numbers were also utilized by many arrangers when composing music, and many poets say that the Golden Ratio goes back to the time of the middle ages. The researches show that Stradivari knew about and utilized the Golden Ratio to put the f-holes in his famous violins. And then there's Baginsky's strategy for constructing violins which is in light of the Golden Section. Music made by Mozart, Bach and Beethoven seem to be based on the Golden Section too. Maybe this is the reason why their music is beautiful. Books about oil painting in all libraries will probably call attention to that it is better to use lines that divide the picture to thirds and to position objects on one of the sides or â€Å"around 33%† of the way across rather than in the middle of the picture. This appears to upgrade the photo to make it more satisfying to the eye and this idea depends again on the Golden Ratio being â€Å"perfect†, leaving behind what's called a beautiful masterpiece painting. Moreover, physical attraction relies upon proportions, and specifically symmetry. When someone else's body is in proportions and symmetrical, it's more likely for us to find it more attractive and beautiful. In the same manner, if a face is proportionate, we will probably notice it quickly and think that it's beautiful and perfect. Leonardo da Vinci's illustrations of the human body accentuated its ratio. Essentially, it is trusted that buildings might be more appealing to a number of people if the proportions used are based on the Golden Section. Therefore, the Golden Ration is taught to architecture students rather than civil engineering students, because architecture is more related to aesthetics which is globally based on Mathematics. For instance, Vitruvius had explained many artistic and architectural things based on proportions, and those are based on Mathematics: -Natural colors, which are found in specific places, and artificial colors that are combined in proper proportions.-â€Å"It is thought that the columns of basilicas ought to be as high as the side-aisles are broad; an aisle should be limited to one third of the breadth which the open space in the middle is to have. â€Å"(Vitruvius, The ten books on Architecture, Book V, p.132) Sizes, in this case, are also proportionate, which increases its beauty as much as it assures its stability. The Golden Section, widely the Fibonacci sequence, also happen in nature, in the patterns we sometimes find in pine cones, pineapples, artichokes, petals of flowers, the leaves of the plants†¦ Generally, because of the best approaches to efficiently pack things firmly together, using the Fibonacci sequence. (The plant needs to get sunshine on all its leaves without one getting in the way of another or else it would be bad for it, that's what it does without special intervention, as the plant doesn't do Mathematics, scientists considered the idea of the Golden Section as its natural growth.) And since God has created everything, some researchers and scientists tend to say that God is the greatest Mathematician such as the following list and many others:-Galileo Galilei who confirmed: â€Å"Mathematics is the language with which God has written the universe.†-That in addition the Euclid: â€Å"The laws of nature are but the Mathematical thoughts of God. â€Å"-And Paul Dirac said: â€Å"If there is a God, he's a great mathematician. God used beautiful mathematics in creating the world. â€Å"-To end this here's what Maulana Wahiduddin Khan believed: â€Å"The truth is that God is the greatest Mathematician, the greatest artist and the greatest genius.† Just like some people consider that beauty is based on Mathematics, â€Å"all mathematicians share a sense of amazement over the infinite depth and the mysterious beauty and usefulness of Mathematics† (Martin Gardner), in addition to other people who consider Mathematics as the queen of science (or not even a science, just a beautiful thing). They say that Mathematics is the only place where truth and beauty mean the same thing. And from their point of view, if it is correctly used, it has truth as well as preeminent aesthetics. And when someone asked him why he considered numbers beautiful, Paul Erdà ¶s said: â€Å"It's like asking why is Beethoven's Ninth Symphony beautiful. If you don't see why, someone can't tell you. I know numbers are beautiful. If they aren't beautiful, nothing is†?

Bromination of trans-cinnamic acid Essay

Abstract The bromination of trans-cinnamic acid was completed to determine dibromide’s stereochemical structure and its mechanism. After the addition of bromine to trans-cinnamic acid, the product was identified by its melting point and infrared spectrum resulting in erythro-2,3-Dibromo-3-phenylpropanoic acid after comparing similar properties. Introduction In this lab, the bromination of trans-cinnamic acid was completed to determine dibromide’s stereochemical structure, and from there determine whether the reaction is carried out by the usual bromonium ion mechanism or a different mechanism. This is important in the determination of dibromide’s stereochemical structure, as a mechanism can be affected by changing a reactant’s structure. Cinnamic acid was used in this lab because as a naturally occurring compound, it has many different uses. It is used as a flavoring, in perfumes, and is a source to a large number of other natural substances. Cinnamic acid is helpful in providing flowers with their bright colors, butterflies with their colorful wings, and gives fall leaves their distinguishable color. These examples reveal the day-to-day uses of cinnamic acid, and shows that the addition of bromide to this particular acid is nothing extremely complex or an uncommon chemical compound, it is easily obtainable. After the addition of bromine to trans-cinnamic acid, the product is identified by its melting point and infrared spectrum. The product could be erythro-dibromo, threo-dibromo, or a combination of both. Although obtaining a product consisting of both erythro and threo is possible, it results in an impure substance with a broad melting point range that contrasts pure dibromide. These particular compounds of erythro and threo are named as such to distinguish their two chiral centers, but no plane of symmetry. Both of these compounds are derived from simple sugars, erythrose and threose (Figure 1). Figure 1. Structures of Erythro and Threo Products Compared to Erythrose and Threose After completing the addition of bromine ion acetic acid to a solution of trans-cinnamic acid in the same solvent, the product that is obtained can be identified by comparing the properties of erythro-2,3-Dibromo-3-phenylpropanoic acid and threo-2,3-Dibromo-3-phenylpropanoic acid. Results and Discussion Melting Point: The melting point was determined to be 202 °C, which is extremely close to the literature value of erythro-2,3-Dibromo-3-phenylpropanoic acid, 204 °C. This is the first indicator that the product obtained possess a stereochemical structure resembling erythro-2,3-Dibromo-3-phenylpropanoic acid. Infrared Spectrum: The Infrared Spectrum’s collected from the starting material and the product look almost identical, with functional groups C=O(1700 cm-1), O-H(3300-2600 cm-1), and C=C (1680-1640 cm-1) present. Mechanisms: Although a variety of mechanisms can be suggested for the addition of bromine to an alkene, the addition of bromine to the C = C in our final product illustrates an anti-addition. Experimental The reaction was done in the fume hood with proper safety gloves on throughout the entire experiment. 10.0 mmol of trans-cinnamic acid was combined with 6.0 mL of glacial acetic acid with a stirbar in a 50 mL round-bottom flask. The round-bottom flask was placed on a magnetic stirrer with a separatory funnel over the flask with the stopcock closed. 8.2 Ml of 1.25 M solution of bromine in acetic acid was poured into the separatory funnel and stoppered immediately. After starting the stirrer, the bromine/acetic acid solution was added in 5 portions once the color had faded to a light orange, about every 6 minutes, totaling 30 minutes for this process. Once the last addition of the bromine solution was added, the reaction stirred at 50 °C for 15 minutes. At the end of the 15 minutes,  cyclohexenes were added drop wise while the stirring continued until the solution was colorless. To separate, the mixture was cooled in ice water until crystallization was observed. Through vacuum filt ration, the solid product was collected and rinsed with portions of ice cold water until the odor derived from the acetic acid had disappeared. The 2.3-dibromo-3-phenylpropanoic acid was dried in order to measure its melting point. References 1 Experiment is a modified version of an experiment found in: Lehman, J.W. Operational Organic Chemistry: a problem-solving approach to the laboratory course, 3rd ed., Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, 1999. 2 www.sigmaaldrich.com 3. www.chemicalbook.com